Gold Nanoparticles with Natural Ingredients as Anti-Aging Materials: A Systematic Review
Aging is a natural process characterized by physiological skin changes. It starts to appear when individuals are in their thirties, making it necessary to use anti-aging products with natural ingredients which are safe even though the penetration is relatively low into the skin. Natural ingredients that can be used are antioxidants that can inhibit aging and can act as bioreductants on gold nanoparticles. Gold nanoparticles can increase penetration into the target cells because of their small size with large surface area. This review article aimed to collect data relating to the development of gold nanoparticles with natural ingredients as anti-aging agents. This review searched through the PubMed and ScienceDirect databases with such keywords as aging, anti-aging, plant extract, antioxidants, and gold nanoparticles. The inclusion criteria were articles in English, available in a full-text version, and published in the last 10 years. Research on the use of natural ingredients as anti-aging agents found that natural ingredients perform better than chemical comparators. Gold nanoparticles are also reported to have been widely used in anti-aging products. Their activity is even better given the low IC50 value and a higher percentage of inhibition compared to those of the extracts without nanoparticle modification. It is reported that gold nanoparticles with natural ingredients as anti-aging agents have a better effect as opposed to purely natural ingredients.
GOLD NANOPARTICLES
Sista Werdyani
12/30/20243 分钟阅读
Source: Gold Nanoparticles with Natural Ingredients as Anti-Aging Materials: A Systematic Review
Wrinkles and black spots often appear as a sign of aging and are induced by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors (Tobin, 2017). Intrinsic aging of the skin occurs as a natural consequence of physiological and genetic changes in all of a person’s tissues (Sanches Silveira and Myaki Pedroso, 2014). Extrinsic aging of the skin comes from ultraviolet (UV) light exposure (Rittie and Fisher, 2015; Koohgoli et al., 2017). The oxidative metabolism in mitochondria accumulates reactive oxygen species (ROS) from UV irradiation and it makes the process of aging accelerated (Kammeyer and Luiten, 2015; Onyango et al., 2016). An antioxidant is a chemical compound which can overcome ROS. Therefore, the activity of antioxidants is used in an anti-aging cosmetic product. Based on literature, the activity of such antioxidants as polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and gallic acid can overcome ROS (Stojiljković, Pavlović and Arsić, 2014; Lee et al., 2019). Anti-aging products from natural ingredient extracts have been developed, but the penetration into the skin is very low (Nowak et al., 2021). One of the methods to overcome this is by using gold nanoparticles (Armendáriz-Barragán et al., 2016). Gold nanoparticles are inert, highly stable, biocompatible, and non-cytotoxic, and they can easily travel to the target cells due to their small size with large surface area, shape, and crystallinity (Yeh et al., 2012; Verma et al., 2014). Two basic approaches are commonly used in the particles using suitable equipment (Onaciu et al., 2019; Slepička et al., 2019). The nanoparticles synthesized might potentially be harmful to the environment and living organisms (Kim et al., 2016). Toxicity testing also needs to be conducted to ensure that nanoparticles are safe considering that various factors such as size, dose, shape, and route of administration can affect the toxicity of nanoparticles (Adewale et al., 2019; Fan et al., 2020). Until now, research on the toxicity of nanoparticles is still limited, so it is highly recommended to conduct a thorough toxicity test during the nanoparticle manufacturing stage (Adewale et al., 2019). Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a new method to overcome this problem. The green synthesis method is known to be more environmentally friendly and has a relatively low cost. The use of natural materials in this method can act as a reducing agent and stabilizer in the synthesis of gold nanoparticles. This material also has a lower toxicity effect so it is safer to use. The synthesis of gold nanoparticles from plant extract is a rather simple and easy process to produce nanoparticles on a large scale as opposed to the bacteria and fungi-mediated synthesis (Jha et al., 2009; Malik et al., 2014; Singh et al., 2018).
Previous research into the anti-aging property of gold nanoparticles has been done on fibroblast cells and human skin explants, which have been shown to give protection to cells from cellular aging due to UVA irradiation by reducing the intracellular ROS production (Jun et al., 2020). Existing review journals focus on the selection of excipients for nanocosmetic formulations, but until this review was written there had been no journal reviews related to natural compounds and/or nanogold with natural compounds as anti-aging agents. The review focuses on natural compounds reported as having an anti-aging activity and an application of gold nanoparticles of plant extracts as anti-aging agents which have proved to protect skin from UV irradiation in a reverse aging process in the literature before being applied on test objects. It provides a summary of research related to natural compounds that have been reported to have anti-aging activity and their differences when formulated into gold nanoparticles.
References can be found in the full paper.
